Light Microscopy
Method Introduction
Light microscopy (LM) is an alternative compendial technique to light obscuration for analyzing subvisible particles in parenterals.
LM is listed in the pharmacopeias Ph. Eur. 2.9.19, USP <788> and USP <787>. For analysis, particles from at least 25 ml of sample are collected on a filter membrane and subsequently dried. The particles on the membrane are counted and sized under a microscope using 10- and 25-µm graticules. Particle counts are reported for the size classes ≥10 and ≥25 µm. The possibility of improving the detection of proteinaceous particles captured on a filter is through staining procedures, e.g., by Coomassie Blue or commercially available kits.
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- D.J. Houde, A.S. Berkowitz, eds., Biophysical Characterization of Proteins in Developing Biopharmaceuticals, 1st ed., Newnes, 2014
- S. Zölls, R. Tantipolphan, M. Wiggenhorn, G. Winter, W. Jiskoot, W. Friess, A. Hawe, Particles in therapeutic protein formulations, Part 1: overview of analytical methods., J. Pharm. Sci. 101 [2012] 914–35. doi:10.1002/jps.23001.
Applications
Light microscopy can be a viable option for batch-release testing in cases where light obscuration (LO) is not feasible, e.g., due to high viscosity.
Quality and Biosafety Level
We provide all our analytical services with the highest quality standards. Experienced scientists carry out each project, and a scientific reviewer comprehensively checks every report or data presentation.
We offer this technology with the following quality and biosafety levels:
R&D level
We offer this method under R&D. Our GRP system assures the highest-quality research standards.
Up to biosafety level 1
This method can be applied to proteins, nucleic acids, and most viral vectors, including AAVs.
Analytical Method Development, Qualification and Validation
For common sample types, we can often apply standardized methods with little setup effort. However, when needed, our experienced analytical experts create or optimize custom methods tailored to your active pharmaceutical ingredient, product type and development phase.
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